Chapter 13

²⁵⁶ Lieb et al, “The Effects of an Exclusive Long-Continued Meat Diet“, Journal of the American Medical Association, (July 1926).
²⁵⁷ Karen Fediuk, “Vitamin C in the Inuit diet: past and present”, MA Thesis, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, (2000).
²⁵⁸ Barry Groves web site: http://www.second-opinions.co.uk/diabetes-4.html and you can see Groves’ demonstration of how gorillas turn carbohydrate into saturated fat at http://vimeo.com/10533993
²⁵⁹ You can get any of these numbers for yourself from a molecular mass calculator on the web – I used http://www.convertunits.com/molarmass/
The precise numbers are 342.29648 g/mol for a disaccharide, 18.01528 g/mol for water and 180.15588 g/mol for a monosaccharide and 162.1406 g/mol for a polysaccharide – but I didn’t want to put people off with decimals.
²⁶⁰ Tuna, bluefin, raw – 23 grams of protein per 100 grams of product, Nutritiondata.com
²⁶¹ (*) http://www.sugar-bureau.co.uk/sugar_the_facts.html
²⁶² (*) http://www.kelloggs.co.uk/company/corporateresponsibility/whichreport.aspx
²⁶³ Michel Montignac, Dine out and lose weight, (1987).
²⁶⁴ http://www.montignac.com/en/ig_tableau.php – Montignac GI for raw carrots.
²⁶⁵ Richard J Johnson et al, “Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, (October 2007).
²⁶⁶ John Yudkin, “Evolutionary and historical changes in dietary carbohydrates”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, (1967).
²⁶⁷ Richard Johnson, The Sugar Fix, (2008).
²⁶⁸ Harold Higgins., “The rapidity with which alcohol and some sugars may serve as nutriment”, American Journal of Physiology, (1916).
²⁶⁹ Togel, Brezina and Durig, Biochemistry Zeitschrift, (1913).
²⁷⁰ John Yudkin, Pure, White and Deadly, (1972).
²⁷¹ Eleazar Shafrir, “Metabolism of Disaccharides and Monosaccharides with Emphasis on Sugar and Fructose and their Lipogenic Potential”, (1991).
²⁷² Peter A Mayes, “Intermediary metabolism of fructose”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, (November 1993).
²⁷³ http://www.youtube.com/ “Sugar the bitter truth”. There is also a paper with much of the content of the YouTube video available at http://www.cookusinterruptus.com/files/Bariatrician%20Fructose.pdf
²⁷⁴ (*) http://www.fet-ev.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=58&Itemid=116
²⁷⁵ (*) The UK, USA and Australian references are in Chapter 8. The other countries are detailed at the following site: http://www.eufic.org/article/en/page/RARCHIVE/expid/food-based-dietary-guidelines-in-europe/
²⁷⁶ (*) http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/pp/copan/5-a-day/5ADAY.html
²⁷⁷ Ali H. Mokdad; Mary K. Serdula; William H. Dietz; Barbara A. Bowman; James S. Marks; Jeffrey P. Koplan, “The Spread of the Obesity Epidemic in the United States, 1991-1998”, Journal of the American Medical Association, (1999).
²⁷⁸ Paolo Boffetta et al, “Fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)”, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, (April 2010).
²⁷⁹ www.nutritiondata.com
²⁸⁰ (*) http://goop.com/newsletter/88/en/ – Gwyneth Paltrow’s personal web site.